(JSSS 4 1987-1 pp22-25)
Back to Part 1, Part 2, vowels arranged alfabetically and consonants.
Heterographs in English Part 3.
Christopher Upward
4 LIST OF HETEROGRAPHS.
4.1 Vowels differently spelt - arranged by phoneme. Sets of heterographs are listed in 14 numbered lists, according to which vowel is differently spelt. The phoneme-analysis is basically RP simplified by the merger of several phonemes into single columns, as represented by the following key words:1. ale, 2. at/pass/art, 3. eel, 4. let/air, 5. eye/fire. 6. it.ear, 7. oat, 8. owl.our, 9. or/all/lot/oil, 10. rue, 11. put, 12. but, 13. fur, 14 shwa.
| 1. ale. | ||
| ail:ale -s (bade?):bayed bail:bale -s d ing baize:bays 2 base:bass -s 2 based:baste 2 bay:bey -s braid:brayed braise:brays:braze brake:break -s ing chased:chaste 2 daisies:dazes Dane:deign -s days:daze 2 fain:feign faint:feint -s d ing fate:fete -s d fays:faze -s d ing:phase -s d ing 3 fiancé:fiancée frays:phrase 2 Gael:gale -s gage:gauge -s d ing |
gait:gate -s gays:gaze 2 grayed US/greyed:grade grate:great -s r grays US/greys:graze 2hail:hale -r hay:heigh:hey (J:jay) lain:lane lair:layer -s?) lays:laze 2 maid:made mail:male -s main:mane -s maize:maze nay:née:neigh -s, pail:pale -s pain:pane -s place:plaice plain:plane -s praise:prays:preys pray:prey -d ing raid:rayed |
rain:reign:rein -s d ing raise -s d ing:rays:rase/raze -s d ing 2 ray:re/ray sail:sale -s shake:sheik/h -s slay:sleigh -s spade:spayed staid:stayed stake:steak -s straight:strait -s suède:swayed 2 tail:tale -s trait:tray -s vale:veil -s vain:vane -s:vein -s wade:weighed wail:whale -s d ing 2 wain:wane -s waist:waste wait:weight -s d ing waive:wave -s d ing way -s:whey:weigh -s 2 |
| 2. at/pass/art. | ||
| ads:adz(US)/e ant:aunt -s US bad:(bade?) |
cast:caste -s draft:draught -s 2 hart:heart -s |
laager:lager -s (R:are) rabbit:rarebit -s 2 |
| 3. eel, | ||
| be:bee(:B) beach:beech -s bean:been beat:beet -s beetle:betel 2 breach:breech -s cede:seed -s d ing 2 cedar.seeder -s 3 ceiling:sealing -s 2 cheap:cheep creak:creek -s dean:dene -s demean:demesne discreet:discrete eerie:(eyrie?) feat:feet feed:fee'd flea:flee -s frees:freeze:frieze 2 |
geezer:geyser -s 2 genes:jean 2 greave:grieve -sheal:heel -s d ing key:quay -s 2 knead -s d ing:kneed:need -s d ing 2 lea:lee leach:leech -s leader:lieder leaf:lief leak:leek -s leaver:RP lever -s mead:meed mean:mien meat -s:meet -s:mete paean:peon -s 2 pea:pee(:P) -s peace:piece peak:peek:pique -s d ing 2 peal:peel -s d ing |
(precede?):proceed -s d ing ssion 2 read:reed -s real:reel reek:wreak -s ing 2 scene:seen 2 sea:see seam:seem -s d seaman:seamen:semen 2 seas:sees:seise:seize 2 steal:steel -s d ing suite:sweet 2 tea:tee(:T) -s team:teem -s d ing we:wee weak:week weal:wheel (we'l) 2 weald:wheeled:wield 2 weaver:weever |
| 4. let/air. | ||
| air -s:ere:e'er:heir -s airy:(eyrie?) bare:bear -s d ing (beret?:)berry:bury -s 3 bread:bred fair:fare -s flair:flare |
hair -share -s:Herr 2 (L:ell) lead:led leant:lent mare:mayor -s pair:pare:pear:pére(:payer?)-s |
read:red stair:stare(:stayer) -s tare:tear -s their:there (:they're) ware:wear -s:where 2 weather:wether:whether 2 |
| 5. eye/fire. | ||
| aisle:isle - s ay:aye -s:eye -s:I bight:bite:byte -s buy -s:by:bye -s buyer:byre -s choir:quire -s 2 cite:sight:site -s d ing 2 climb:clime -s die:dye -s d ying yeing dier -s:dire:dyer -s dine:dyne -s drier:dryer eyelet:islet -s file:phial -s find:fined friar:frier/fryer -s gibe/jibe:gybe/jibe -s d ing 2 gneiss:nice 3 |
guide:guyed guise:guys hi:hie -s:high -s hide:hied higher:hire:hiya indict:indite -s d ing liar:lyre -s lightening:lightning mind:mined might:mite pi-pie pride:pried pries:prise:prize, 2 rhyme:rime 2 right:rite:wright:write -s 2 |
rye:wry 2 shire:shyer side:sighed sighs:size 2 sign:sin/e slight:sleight stile:style -s sty:stye -s thyme:time 2 Thai:tie -s tide:tied tire:tyre -s d vial -s:vile:viol -s w(h)iled:wild 2 whined:wined:wind 2 |
| 6. it.ear. | ||
| banded:bandied beer:bier -s billed:build 2 bogey:bogy caddie:caddy cereal:serial -s 2 chilli:chilly complement:compliment -s d ing cygnet:signet -s 2 dear:deer descent:dissent 2 elicit:illicit 2 enquire:inquire -s d ing y |
ensure:insure -s d ing gelid:jellied 3 gild:guild -s gilt:guilt hear:here heroin:heroine him:hymn 2 links:lynx, 2 marten:martin -s mealie:mealy missal -s:missel:mistle:US missile -s 2 peer:pier -s picks-pyx 2 |
pitied:pitted 2 poses:posies profit:prophet -s 2 puisne:puny 2 revere:revers sandhi:sandy 2 sear -s:seer -s:sere shear:sheer story:storey -s d studded:studied taxes:taxies:taxis tear:tier -s tided:tidied weepie:weepy |
| 7. oat. | ||
| beau:bow -s bode:bowed bold:bowled bolder:boulder bole:bowl -s broach:brooch -s coal:cole -s coat:cote -s doe:doh:dough does:doughs:doze 2 felloe:fellow -s floe:flow -s foaled:fold groan:grown hoes:hose |
hold:holed know:no:Noh 2 knows:noes:nose 3 lo;low load -s:lode -s:lowed loan:lone moan:mown moat:mote -s mode:mowed (O:oh:owe) ode:owed pole:poll -s d ing 2 rho:roe:row -s 2 road:rode:rowed |
roes:rose:rows role:roll -s 2 rondeau:rondo -s sew -s d ing:so:soh:sow sewn:sown sloe:slow -s sold:soled sole:soul -s throe:throw -s throne:thrown toad:toed:towed toe-tow -s d ing whoa:woe yoke, yolk -s |
| 8. owl.our. | ||
| aloud:allowed bough:bow -s douse/dowse:dowse -s d ing |
flour:flower -s d ing foul:fowl -s hour;our -s |
rouse:rows rout:US route -s d ing sough:sow -s |
| 9. or/all/lot/oil. | ||
| all:awl aught:ought aural:oral aureole:oriole -s bald:balled:bawled balk:baulk:baulk -s ball:bawl -s d ing boar:(boor?):bore -s board:bored boarder:border -s born:borne:bourn boy:buoy -s call:caul -s 2 cause:caws clause:claws coarse:corse -s :course -s |
coarser:courser coir-coyer 2 core:corpsfaun:fawn -s for:fore:four forego:forgo -ne ing forth:fourth gall:Gaul 2 groin:groyne -s hall:haul -s 2 hoar:whore -s 2 hoard:horde:whored 2 hoarse:horse mall:maul -s 2 (moor?:)more morn:mourn -s morning:mourning |
oar -s:or:ore-s pause:paws (poor:?)pore:pour -s d ing shore:(sure?)2 soar:sore -s soared:sword (spoor?):spore swat/swot:swot -s d ing taut:taught tor:tore war:wore warn:worn wart:wort watt:what:wot 3 RP wrath:wroth yore:RP your |
| 10. rue. | ||
| blew:blue brewed:brood brews:braise 2 bruit:brute -s cachou:cashew -s 2 chews:choose choux:shoe -s d ing:shoo -s d ing 2 chute:shoot -s 2 clew:clue coo:coup -s crewed:crude crewel:cruel crews:cruise -s:cruse -s cue -s d ing:queue -s d ing(:Q) 2 |
doer:dour dew:due -s droop:drupe -s ewe:yew:you(:U) 2 ewer. US your -s ewes:use:yews:youse 2 flew:flu:flue gnu -s:knew:new -s:nu 2 hew:hue -s lieu:loo loot:lute -s loos:lose mew:mu -s mews:rnuse |
mood:mooed puisne:puny 2 review:revue rheum:room rood:rude:rued root:RP route -s d ing roux:rue stoop:stoup -s threw:through to:too:two troop:troupe -s wood:would |
| 11. put. | ||
| wood:would | ||
| 12. but. | ||
| chough:chuff -s 2 cousin:cozen -s3 does:doz done:dun |
dost:dust none:nun one:won rough:ruff -s 2 |
some:sum son:sun ton:tonne:ton -s 2 tough:tuff 2 |
| 13. fur. | ||
| berth:birth -s curb:kerb -s 2 earn:urn -s fir:fur |
firs:furs:furze heard:herd pearl:purl -s serf:surf -s |
serge:surge -s d ing tern:turn -s were:whirr 3 whirl:whorl -s |
| 14 shwa. | ||
| affect:(effect?) allude:(elude?) -s d ing allusion:(illusion?) -s (allusive:?)elusive:illusive altar:alter -s baron:barren 2 (baton?):batten -s 2 bazaar:(bizarre?) 2 beetle:betel 2 bridal:bridle calendar:calender -s callous:callus carat:caret:carrot -s 2 caster:castor cedar.seeder -s 3 cellar:seller -s 2 censer:censor:sensor -s 2 choler:collar 2 council:counsel -s lor 2 coward:cowered cubical:cubicle currant:current -s cymbal:symbol -s 2 dependant:dependent dollar:dolour -s 2 dual:duel |
filter:philtre -s 2 fisher:fissure -s 2 gamble:gambol -s d ing gorilla:guer/r/illa -s handsome:hansom 2 hangar:hanger -s humerus:humorous x2 immanent:(imminent?) idle:idol -s lessen:lesson -s licker:liquor 2 lumbar:lumber manakin/manikin/mannikin:mannequin -s 3 mangel:mangle -s manner-rnanor -s 2 mantel:mantle -s medal:rneddle -s 2 meddler:medlar -s 2 metal:mettle 2 meter:rnetre -s miner:minor -s mucose/mucous:mucus muscle:mussel -s 2 mustard:mustered naval:navel |
(ordinance:ordnance?) paean:peon -s 2 palate:palette:pallet -s 3 pedal:peddle -s d ing 2 pendant:pendent petrel:petrol -s (pidgin?:)pigeon -s 2 prier:prior -s principal:principle -s radical:radicle -s rigger -s:rigor:rigour -s 2 roomer:rumour -s 2 sailer:sailor -s seraph:(serif) savory:savoury seaman:seamen:semen 2 stationary:stationery succour:sucker -s 2 summary:summery (surplice?:)surplus -S taper:tapir -s tenner:tenor -s, 2 (verdure?):verger/virger 3 villain-villein whirled:whorled:world 2 |
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